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Abstract
As a form of assisted reproduction methods, surrogacy remains controversial today. The practice of using surrogates has been around for very long time and serves a wide variety of functions in countries all over the world. The purpose of this research is to ascertain whether or not surrogacy is permissible under the laws that have been enacted and are in effect in Indonesia to govern the processes involved in surrogacy. This research also intends to determine whether or not surrogacy is allowed in India and analyze the legislative framework of that country in comparison to that of Indonesia. The type of research is normative legal research which relies on secondary data, in the form of legal material especially primary and secondary legal materials. This normative legal research employs both statutory and comparative approaches. Comparison is made between Indonesia and India. It is found that India has legalized the practice of surrogacy since long time ago. In addition, surrogacy in India does not only serve the reproductive purpose but also commercial purpose. On the other side, although the practices of surrogacy are also found in Indonesia, however, it remains illegal so far in this country.
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References
- Journal
- Aulia, Ulfah. "A Family for All: Legalization of Surrogacy in Indonesia." PhD diss., Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2020.
- Chawla, Anjali. "Applicability and Legality of the Commercial Surrogacy." Journal of Global
- Studies (JGS): 118.
- Drabiak, Katherine, Carole Wegner, Valita Fredland, and Paul R. Helft. "Ethics, law, and
- commercial surrogacy: a call for uniformity." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 35,
- no. 2 (2007): 300-309.
- Muhammad Djumhana, Hukum dalam Perkembangan Bioteknologi, (Citra Aditya Bakti
- 1995). [163]
- Ratman, H. D. (2012). Surrogate Mother dalam Perspektif Etika dan Hukum: Bolehkah Sewa
- Rahim di Indonesia? Jakarta: Kompas Gramedia
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- BASED ON TRANSCENDENTAL VALUES." European Journal of Molecular &
- Clinical Medicine 7, no. 10: 2020.
- Sanjaya A. W. (2016). Aspek Hukum Sewa Rahim (Surrogate Mother) Dalam Perspektif
- Hukum Perdata dan Hukum Pidana. Rechtens Journal,5(2). 36-47.
- Spivack, C. The Law of the Surrogate Motherhood in the United State. 58 AJCL. Oklahoma:
- Oklahoma City University School of Law, 2010.
- Internet
- Aditya Mishra, Surrogacy in Indian Legal Context- A Bliss or Curse, volume no Manu
- 11,42(2015),
- 47DC-B73E-5F5F43D3E8F8.pdf> [Accessed 26 July 2022].
- Anil Malhotra, Draft surrogacy bill violates the fundamental right of people to choose
- modes of parenthood, THE INDIAN EXPRESS
- Roksandić Vidlička, S., Hrstić, D. and Kirin, Z., 2012. Bioethical and legal challenges of
- surrogate motherhood in the Republic of Croatia. [online] Core.ac.uk. Available at:
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- Regulation
- Act of the Republic of Indonesia No. 36 of 2009 on Health.
- ART (Regulation) Bill- 2010
- INDIA CONSTITUTION. Art. 14, Cl. 1.
- Indonesia Civil Code (Kitab undang-undang hukum perdata)
- Regulation of Health Minister Number 39/Menkes/SK/I/2010 concerning Organizing
- Artificial Reproduction Technology Services.
References
Journal
Aulia, Ulfah. "A Family for All: Legalization of Surrogacy in Indonesia." PhD diss., Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2020.
Chawla, Anjali. "Applicability and Legality of the Commercial Surrogacy." Journal of Global
Studies (JGS): 118.
Drabiak, Katherine, Carole Wegner, Valita Fredland, and Paul R. Helft. "Ethics, law, and
commercial surrogacy: a call for uniformity." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 35,
no. 2 (2007): 300-309.
Muhammad Djumhana, Hukum dalam Perkembangan Bioteknologi, (Citra Aditya Bakti
1995). [163]
Ratman, H. D. (2012). Surrogate Mother dalam Perspektif Etika dan Hukum: Bolehkah Sewa
Rahim di Indonesia? Jakarta: Kompas Gramedia
Rizka, Rizka, and Rozanah Ab Rahman. "LEGALITY OF SURROGACY IN INDONESIA
BASED ON TRANSCENDENTAL VALUES." European Journal of Molecular &
Clinical Medicine 7, no. 10: 2020.
Sanjaya A. W. (2016). Aspek Hukum Sewa Rahim (Surrogate Mother) Dalam Perspektif
Hukum Perdata dan Hukum Pidana. Rechtens Journal,5(2). 36-47.
Spivack, C. The Law of the Surrogate Motherhood in the United State. 58 AJCL. Oklahoma:
Oklahoma City University School of Law, 2010.
Internet
Aditya Mishra, Surrogacy in Indian Legal Context- A Bliss or Curse, volume no Manu
11,42(2015), 47DC-B73E-5F5F43D3E8F8.pdf> [Accessed 26 July 2022]. Anil Malhotra, Draft surrogacy bill violates the fundamental right of people to choose modes of parenthood, THE INDIAN EXPRESS Roksandić Vidlička, S., Hrstić, D. and Kirin, Z., 2012. Bioethical and legal challenges of surrogate motherhood in the Republic of Croatia. [online] Core.ac.uk. Available at: Sensible Surrogacy. Surrogacy In The UK. Available from: The Surrogacy Experience. Surrogacy Laws. Available from: https://www.thesurrogacyexperience.com/u-s-surrogacy-law-by-state.html, [Accessed 27 July 2022]. Regulation Act of the Republic of Indonesia No. 36 of 2009 on Health. ART (Regulation) Bill- 2010 INDIA CONSTITUTION. Art. 14, Cl. 1. Indonesia Civil Code (Kitab undang-undang hukum perdata) Regulation of Health Minister Number 39/Menkes/SK/I/2010 concerning Organizing Artificial Reproduction Technology Services.