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Abstract

Although the status of which norms qualify as jus cogens remains debated, the International Law Commission (ILC) has identified the prohibition of torture as jus cogens. Establishing the prohibition of torture as a jus cogens norm is crucial, as it reflects fundamental values upheld by the international community and holds the highest legal status. Despite Indonesia's ratification of the United Nations Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (UNCAT), torture practices continue. This paper analyzes and argues that the prohibition of torture qualifies as a jus cogens norm, while also exploring its legal implications for Indonesia's national law. By applying the six criteria outlined by the UN Special Rapporteur on Torture, it is demonstrated that the prohibition of torture satisfies the requirements of a jus cogens norm. Consequently, states are obligated to exercise jurisdiction over violations prohibited by international law within their territories, including the duty to prevent torture, whether perpetrated by state or non-state actors. As a state that has ratified UNCAT, Indonesia is bound to ensure that torture is recognized as a criminal offense under its national legal framework.

Keywords

torture jus cogens international law peremptory norm Indonesia

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Saraswati, A. A. A. N., & Simbolon, M. A. H. (2025). The Evidentiary Basis of The Prohibition of Torture as Jus Cogens and its Legal Implications for Indonesian National Law. Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum, 9(2), 197-219. https://doi.org/10.24198/jbmh.v9i2.1087
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