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Abstract
ABSTRAK
Anggaran dasar adalah dokumen konstitusi dasar bagi suatu perseroan terbatas, yang mengatur urusan manajemen dan administratif internal. Anggaran dasar mengatur berbagai hal yang mencakupi hampir semua penerapan ketentuan undang-undang perseroan terbatas bagi suatu perseroan terbatas. Sementara, penjanjian joint venture juga mengatur urusan manajemen dan operasional suatu perusahaan serta mengatur hal-hal yang mungkin menjadi persoalan di kemudian hari apabila tidak disepakati di awal. Dengan demikian, anggaran dasar dan perjanjian joint venture seharusnya dirancang sedemikian rupa guna menghindari adanya benturan antara kedua dokumen tersebut dan kedua dokumen tersebut hendaknya berlaku sebagai dokumen yang saling melengkapi bukanya bersaing antara yang satu dengan yang lain. Namun demikian, apabila terjadi perbedaan atau benturan antara ketentuan anggaran dasar dan perjanjian joint venture, maka yang berlaku adalah ketentuan anggaran dasar. Perjanjian joint venture adalah tidak sah dan tidak dapat dilaksanakan apabila bertentangan dengan hukum yang berlaku dan kepentingan umum. Lebih dari itu, joint venture agreement mengatur urusan manajemen dan operasinal yang dalam banyak hal mencerminkan perilaku manajerial yang tidak adil semata-mata demi keuntungan pemegang saham pengendali. Di beberapa negara pelaksanaan perjanjian joint venture diawasi secara ketat oleh negara, serta diakui dan diatur dalam undang-undang, dan pemerintah Indonesia sebaiknya melakukan hal yang sama.
Kata kunci: anggaran dasar; perjanjian joint venture; sinkronisasi hukum.
ABSTRACT
Statutes is a basic constitutional document for a limited liability company, which governs internal management and administrative affairs. It governs a wide range of issues which covers almost all applications of the company law for a limited liability company. While joint venture agreement also governs the management and operation affairs of a company and addresses the issues that might become discord in the future if not agreed in advance. Therefore, the joint venture agreement and statutes should be drafted in such a manner as to avoid inconsistencies between the two documents, and serving as complementary documents than competitive to one another. However, in case any provision of joint venture agreement is inconsistent or in conflict with any provision of the statutes, the provisions of the statutes shall prevail. A joint venture agreement is invalid and unenforceable if it is against the prevailing laws and public policy. Moreover, joint venture agreement governs the management and operation affairs which in many ways reflect the unfair managerial behaviour for sole benefit of the controlling shareholders. In some countries, the implementation of joint venture agreements is closely monitored by the state, and this agreement is acknowledged and governed under the prevailing laws and the Indonesian government should do the same.
Keywords: joint venture agreement, legal sincronized, statute.
Article Details
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References
- Buku
- Black Henry Campell, Black’s Law Dictionary, West Publishing Co, Sixth Edition, St. Paul, 1990.
- Chadman, John,. Shareholder’s Agreement. Sweet & Maxwell Limited, Fourt Edition, London, 2004
- Fox William F., International Commercial Agreements, Kluwer Law International, Netherlands, 1998.
- Gautama Sudargo, The Commercial Laws of Indonesia, Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung, 1998.
- Giles Proctor and Lilian Miles, Corporate Governance, Cavendish Publishing Limited, London, 2002.
- Hamilton Robert,. Cases And Materials On Corporations, Including Partnership And Limited Partnerships, Fift Edition, West Publishing Co, St. Paul, USA, 1994.
- Hartono Sunaryati, “Konflik Antarwewenang antara Pengadilan dan Forum Arbitrase”, dalam Hendarmin Djarab, Rudi M. Rizki, Lili Irahali, eds., Prospek dan Pelaksanaan Arbitrase di Indonesia, Citra Aditya Bakti, 2001, Bandung.
- Head John W, Pengantar Umum Hukum Ekonomi, Proyek Elips, Jakarta, 1997.
- Hewitt Ian, Joint Ventures, Sweet and Maxwell, London, 2001.
- Hotchkiss Carolyn, International Law for Business, Mcgraw Hill, Inc., Singapore, 1994.
- John W. and Robert W. Emerson. Busines Law, Second Edition, Barrons Education Series Inc., New York, 1992.
- Muchlinski, Peter, Multinational Enterprises And the Law, Blackwell, England, 1999.
- Pearson Margaret M, Joint Venture in the People’s Republic of China, Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 1992.
- Prasetya Rudhi, Kedudukan Mandiri Perseroan Terbatas, Cetakan Ketiga, PT. Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung, 2001.
- Rajagukguk Erman, Arbitrase Dalam Putusan Pengadilan, Chandra Pratama, Jakarta, 2000.
- Subekti, Hukum Perjanjian, Cetakan 18, Inter masa, Jakarta, 2001.
- Vout Paul T, Ye Jing-Sheng and Yi YI Wu, China Contracts Handbook, Sweet & Maxwell Asia, Hong Kong, 2000.
- Walter H. E. Jaeger, “Partnership or Joint Venture”, 37 Notre Dame Law Review 138, 1961.
- Weissburg Adam B., “Reviewing the Law on Joint Ventures with an Eye toward the Future”, 63 Southern California Law Review, January, 1990.
- Jurnal
- Bridges James R. and Leslie E. Sherman, “Structuring Joint Ventures”, No. 10 Insights, October, 1990.
- Colombo J. Ronald., ”Ownership, Limited: Reconciling Traditional and Progressive Corporate Law via an Aristotelian Understanding of Ownership”, Journal of Corporation Law, Vol. 34, No. 1, 2008.
- Geske Paul T. “Oppress Me No More: Amending The Illinois LLC Act To Provide Additional Remedies For Oppressed Minority Members”, Chicago-Kent Law Review, Vol. 185, 2015.
- Khairandy Ridwan, “Sikap Pengadilan di Indonesia terhadap Pilihan Yurisdiksi dalam Kontrak Bisnis”, Jurnal Hukum Bisnis, Volume 21, 2002.
- Lan Luh Luh and Loizo Heracleous, “Rethinking Agency Theory: The View From Law”, The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 35, No. 2, 2010.
- Shishido Zenichi, ”Problems of International Joint Ventures in Japan”. The International Lawyer, Vol. 26, Number 1, 1992.
- Peraturan Perundang-undangan
- Republic of South Africa, Companies Act No. 71 of 2008, http://www.cipc.co.za/files/2413/9452/ 7679/CompaniesAct71_2008.pdf, diakses tanggal 27 September 2017.
References
Buku
Black Henry Campell, Black’s Law Dictionary, West Publishing Co, Sixth Edition, St. Paul, 1990.
Chadman, John,. Shareholder’s Agreement. Sweet & Maxwell Limited, Fourt Edition, London, 2004
Fox William F., International Commercial Agreements, Kluwer Law International, Netherlands, 1998.
Gautama Sudargo, The Commercial Laws of Indonesia, Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung, 1998.
Giles Proctor and Lilian Miles, Corporate Governance, Cavendish Publishing Limited, London, 2002.
Hamilton Robert,. Cases And Materials On Corporations, Including Partnership And Limited Partnerships, Fift Edition, West Publishing Co, St. Paul, USA, 1994.
Hartono Sunaryati, “Konflik Antarwewenang antara Pengadilan dan Forum Arbitrase”, dalam Hendarmin Djarab, Rudi M. Rizki, Lili Irahali, eds., Prospek dan Pelaksanaan Arbitrase di Indonesia, Citra Aditya Bakti, 2001, Bandung.
Head John W, Pengantar Umum Hukum Ekonomi, Proyek Elips, Jakarta, 1997.
Hewitt Ian, Joint Ventures, Sweet and Maxwell, London, 2001.
Hotchkiss Carolyn, International Law for Business, Mcgraw Hill, Inc., Singapore, 1994.
John W. and Robert W. Emerson. Busines Law, Second Edition, Barrons Education Series Inc., New York, 1992.
Muchlinski, Peter, Multinational Enterprises And the Law, Blackwell, England, 1999.
Pearson Margaret M, Joint Venture in the People’s Republic of China, Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 1992.
Prasetya Rudhi, Kedudukan Mandiri Perseroan Terbatas, Cetakan Ketiga, PT. Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung, 2001.
Rajagukguk Erman, Arbitrase Dalam Putusan Pengadilan, Chandra Pratama, Jakarta, 2000.
Subekti, Hukum Perjanjian, Cetakan 18, Inter masa, Jakarta, 2001.
Vout Paul T, Ye Jing-Sheng and Yi YI Wu, China Contracts Handbook, Sweet & Maxwell Asia, Hong Kong, 2000.
Walter H. E. Jaeger, “Partnership or Joint Venture”, 37 Notre Dame Law Review 138, 1961.
Weissburg Adam B., “Reviewing the Law on Joint Ventures with an Eye toward the Future”, 63 Southern California Law Review, January, 1990.
Jurnal
Bridges James R. and Leslie E. Sherman, “Structuring Joint Ventures”, No. 10 Insights, October, 1990.
Colombo J. Ronald., ”Ownership, Limited: Reconciling Traditional and Progressive Corporate Law via an Aristotelian Understanding of Ownership”, Journal of Corporation Law, Vol. 34, No. 1, 2008.
Geske Paul T. “Oppress Me No More: Amending The Illinois LLC Act To Provide Additional Remedies For Oppressed Minority Members”, Chicago-Kent Law Review, Vol. 185, 2015.
Khairandy Ridwan, “Sikap Pengadilan di Indonesia terhadap Pilihan Yurisdiksi dalam Kontrak Bisnis”, Jurnal Hukum Bisnis, Volume 21, 2002.
Lan Luh Luh and Loizo Heracleous, “Rethinking Agency Theory: The View From Law”, The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 35, No. 2, 2010.
Shishido Zenichi, ”Problems of International Joint Ventures in Japan”. The International Lawyer, Vol. 26, Number 1, 1992.
Peraturan Perundang-undangan
Republic of South Africa, Companies Act No. 71 of 2008, http://www.cipc.co.za/files/2413/9452/ 7679/CompaniesAct71_2008.pdf, diakses tanggal 27 September 2017.