ASEAN Outlook on The Indo-Pacific Concerning The Implementation of National Determined Contributions To Achieve Sustainable Development Goal 13
Main Article Content
Abstract
The aim of the research is to analyze comprehensively the ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific (AOIP) concerning the Implementation of National Determined Contributions (NDCs) to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 13, namely “take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts”. The bad impacts of climate change do not only cause serious impacts to the environment but also to the economic, social life and culture. International cooperation both regional and universal are important due to an individual state will not be able to overcome the bad impacts of climate change. The ambitious commitment of a single state as a member of the Paris Agreement to reduce emission stipulated in the NDCs should be performed in good faith. Indeed, the success of the NDCs will depend on the commitment of individual state to comply and perform the commitment due to the voluntarily character of the NDCs. The AOIP was formulated to guide cooperation and to create the environment for peace, stability, and prosperity while upholding the rules-based regional architecture. However, the AOIP is not legally binding. The research is a normative juridical research, and the approaches are employed are conceptual approach and statutory approach. The results of this research demonstrates that the implementation of NDCs faces many challenges in the ASEAN and Indo-Pacific which depend on the situation and condition of each state, however, there are some opportunities that can be performed.
Article Details
How to Cite
Wartini, S. (2024). ASEAN Outlook on The Indo-Pacific Concerning The Implementation of National Determined Contributions To Achieve Sustainable Development Goal 13. Padjadjaran Journal of International Law, 8(2), 91-107. https://doi.org/10.23920/pjil.v8i2.1692
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Boyle. E and Anderson Michael, International Institution, in Human rights Approach to Environmental Law, ,Oxford University Press, New York, 1998.
Edition, Prentice Hall, Selangor, Malaysia, 2007.
Hamid Abdul Ghafur, Public International Law A Practical Approach, Second
Martinus Nijhoff, Leiden-Boston, 2009.
Hurrell Andrew, On Global Order Power, Values, and the Constitution of International Society, Oxford University Press, New York, 2007.
Richard Devetak, et.al, An Introduction to International Relations Australian Perspectives, Cambridge University Press, Australia, 2007,
Sands Philippe, Principles of International Environmental Law Framework,
Standards and Implementation, Manchester University Press, 1995.
Templement Loed, Public International Law, Old Bailey Press, 1997.
Voigt Christina, Sustainable Development as a Principle of International Law, Martinus Nijhoff, Leiden -Boston, 2009.
Journals :
Banda Maria L, “Climate Adaptation Law: Governing Multi-Level Public Goods Across Borders”, Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, Vol. 51 (October, 2018), at 1027- 1074.
Adashek Johanna, “Hop On The Carbon Neutral Bandwagon: Amending The Paris Agreement To Require Short-Term Goals And Long-Term Carbon Neutral Goals For Nationally Determined Contributions”, Maryland Journal of International Law, Vol. 36 (2021), at 101-111.
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Bach, Tracy “Human Rights in A Climate Changed World: The Impact of COP21, Nationally Determined Contributions, And National Courts”, Vermont Law Review, Vol. 40 (Spring, 2016), at 561-595.
Basciano Tiffany, “Gotham Fights Back: The Role 0f U.S. Cities In Advancing Paris Agreement Goals”, Maryland Journal of International Law, Vol. 34 (2019), at 72-95.
Bearak Max & Popovich Nadja, “The World Is Falling Short of Its Climate Goals. Four Big Emitters Show Why”, The New York Times, Nov. 8, 2022. < https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/11/08/climate/cop27-emissions-country-compare.html >. Accessed on 17 November 2023.
Calkins Jennifer Devlin Calkins, “Paris When It Sizzles: What Agenda 21 Can Tell Us About The Likely Success Of The Paris Agreement”, Washington International Law Journal, Vol. 27 (April, 2018), at 523-575.
Cordonier Segger Marie-Claire, “Advancing the Paris Agreement on Climate Change for Sustainable Development”, Cambridge Journal of International and Comparative Law, Vol 5 (2016), at 202-237.
Côrtes Stevenson Flora da Silva, “The Duty to Consult the Inuit in Canada’s Black Carbon Policy Inaction”, Journal of Environmental Law and Practice, Vol. 30 (May, 2017), 139-199.
Craik Neil & G. Burns William C., “Climate Engineering Under The Paris Agreement”, Environmental Law Reporter News & Analysis, Vol. 49 (December, 2019), at 11113-11129.
Dernbach John C. & Schang Scott E., “Making America A Better Place For All: Sustainable Development Recommendations For The Biden Administration”, Environmental Law Reporter (ELI), Vol 51 (April, 2021), at 10310-10332.
Dernbach, John C. “Creating Legal Pathways To A Zero-Carbon Future”, Environmental Law Reporter News & Analysis, Vol 46 (September, 2016), at(10780-10.790.
Duong Tiffany T.V., “When Islands Drown: The Plight Of “Climate Change Refugees” And Recourse To International Human Rights Law”, University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law, Vol. 31 (Summer 2010), at 1239-1266.
Duvic-Paoli Leslie-Anne, “From Aspirational Politics to Soft Law? Exploring the International Legal Effects of Sustainable Development Goal 7 on Affordable and Clean Energy”, Melbourne Journal of International Law, Vol 22 (July, 2021), at 1-23.
Federal Foreign Office Jermany, “The significance of the Indo-Pacific”, 2023. < https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/en/aussenpolitik/regionaleschwerpunkte/asien/indo-pacific/2493040 > . Accessed on 17 November 2023.
Gilles Sourgen, Frédéric “A Parisian Consensus”, Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, Vol. 60 (2022) at 680 ) 657-749)
Gilles Sourgens Frédéric, “Climate Commons Law: The Transformative Force of The Paris Agreement”, New York University Journal of International Law & Politics, Vol. 50 (Spring, 2018), at 885-982.
Gonzalez Carmen G., “Climate Justice And Climate Displacement: Evaluating The Emerging Legal And Policy Responses”, Wisconsin International Law Journal, Vol. 36 (Spring, 2019), at 366-396.
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Jayaram Dhanasree & Mundra Aanehi ,“Climate Security in the Indo-Pacific: Priorities and Challenge”, Issue Brief (May 24, 2023), at 2. < https://isdp.eu/publication/climate-security-in-the-indo-pacific-priorities-and-challenges/ > Accessed on 15 November 2023.
Muhaimin, Metode Penelitian Hukum, Mataram; Mataram University Press, 2020.
Jolly Stellina & Trivedi, Abhishek, “ Principle of CBDR-RC: Its Interpretation and Implementation Through NDCs In The Context of Sustainable Development”, Washington Journal of Environmental Law & Policy, Vol. 11 (May, 2021), at 309-348.
K. Lin Catherine & Moffat Philip A., “Global Supply Chain Under The Paris Agreement: The Relevance Of Chemical And Product Regulations”, Natural Resources & Environment, Vol. 31 (Winter, 2017), at 21-25.
Pou Sothirak Rivalry and Po Sovinda, “The Asean Outlook On The Indo-Pacific and The Great Power Rivalry” (2023) at 13. https://cicp.org.kh/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/FULL-BOOK-AOIP-AND-U.S.-CHINA.pdf
Puno Railla Veronica D, “Integrating Social And Environmental Safeguards In The Implementation of The Paris Agreement’s Sustainable Development Mechanism”, Environmental Law, Vol. 51 (Spring, 2021), at 205-222.
Seah Sharon and Martinus Melinda, “Gaps And Opportunities In Asean’s Climate Governance”, ISEAS, Yusof Ishak Institute, Issue 5 (2021), at 11. < https://www.iseas.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/TRS5_21.pdf > Accessed on 15 November 2023.
Soekanto Soerjono and Mamuji Sri, Penelitian Hukum Normatif Suatu Tinjauan Singkat, 2003.
Streck Charlotte, “Ambition Trap or Accelerator: Cooperative Approaches Under The Paris Agreement”, South Carolina Journal of International Law & Business, Vol. 13 (Spring, 2017), at 277-303.
Tscherning Rudiger, “Climate Litigation and the Class Action Mechanism--The Potential Role of the UN Sustainable Development Goals”, Journal of Environmental Law and Practice, Vol. 33 (June, 2020), at 133-158.
UNDP, “MRV In Practice – Connecting Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches for Developing National MRV Systems.. Accessed on 1 January 2024.
Wijaya Arief and Idris Shira, “ASEAN Countries Must Act Together to Confront Climate Change”, World Resources Institute, (2017). < https://www.wri.org/insights/asean-countries-must-act-together-confront-climate-change>. Accessed on 17 November 2023.
Treaties and Convention
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Rio Declaration
Kyoto Protocol
Paris Agreement
Birnie Patricia. Et.al, International Law and the Environment, Oxford University Press, New York, 2008.
Boyle. E and Anderson Michael, International Institution, in Human rights Approach to Environmental Law, ,Oxford University Press, New York, 1998.
Edition, Prentice Hall, Selangor, Malaysia, 2007.
Hamid Abdul Ghafur, Public International Law A Practical Approach, Second
Martinus Nijhoff, Leiden-Boston, 2009.
Hurrell Andrew, On Global Order Power, Values, and the Constitution of International Society, Oxford University Press, New York, 2007.
Richard Devetak, et.al, An Introduction to International Relations Australian Perspectives, Cambridge University Press, Australia, 2007,
Sands Philippe, Principles of International Environmental Law Framework,
Standards and Implementation, Manchester University Press, 1995.
Templement Loed, Public International Law, Old Bailey Press, 1997.
Voigt Christina, Sustainable Development as a Principle of International Law, Martinus Nijhoff, Leiden -Boston, 2009.
Journals :
Banda Maria L, “Climate Adaptation Law: Governing Multi-Level Public Goods Across Borders”, Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, Vol. 51 (October, 2018), at 1027- 1074.
Adashek Johanna, “Hop On The Carbon Neutral Bandwagon: Amending The Paris Agreement To Require Short-Term Goals And Long-Term Carbon Neutral Goals For Nationally Determined Contributions”, Maryland Journal of International Law, Vol. 36 (2021), at 101-111.
ASEAN, “ASEAN Outlook On The Indo-Pacific”. 2021. https://asean.org/asean2020/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/ASEAN-Outlook-on-the-Indo-Pacific_FINAL_22062019.pdf >. Accessed on 12 November 2023.
Bach, Tracy “Human Rights in A Climate Changed World: The Impact of COP21, Nationally Determined Contributions, And National Courts”, Vermont Law Review, Vol. 40 (Spring, 2016), at 561-595.
Basciano Tiffany, “Gotham Fights Back: The Role 0f U.S. Cities In Advancing Paris Agreement Goals”, Maryland Journal of International Law, Vol. 34 (2019), at 72-95.
Bearak Max & Popovich Nadja, “The World Is Falling Short of Its Climate Goals. Four Big Emitters Show Why”, The New York Times, Nov. 8, 2022. < https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/11/08/climate/cop27-emissions-country-compare.html >. Accessed on 17 November 2023.
Calkins Jennifer Devlin Calkins, “Paris When It Sizzles: What Agenda 21 Can Tell Us About The Likely Success Of The Paris Agreement”, Washington International Law Journal, Vol. 27 (April, 2018), at 523-575.
Cordonier Segger Marie-Claire, “Advancing the Paris Agreement on Climate Change for Sustainable Development”, Cambridge Journal of International and Comparative Law, Vol 5 (2016), at 202-237.
Côrtes Stevenson Flora da Silva, “The Duty to Consult the Inuit in Canada’s Black Carbon Policy Inaction”, Journal of Environmental Law and Practice, Vol. 30 (May, 2017), 139-199.
Craik Neil & G. Burns William C., “Climate Engineering Under The Paris Agreement”, Environmental Law Reporter News & Analysis, Vol. 49 (December, 2019), at 11113-11129.
Dernbach John C. & Schang Scott E., “Making America A Better Place For All: Sustainable Development Recommendations For The Biden Administration”, Environmental Law Reporter (ELI), Vol 51 (April, 2021), at 10310-10332.
Dernbach, John C. “Creating Legal Pathways To A Zero-Carbon Future”, Environmental Law Reporter News & Analysis, Vol 46 (September, 2016), at(10780-10.790.
Duong Tiffany T.V., “When Islands Drown: The Plight Of “Climate Change Refugees” And Recourse To International Human Rights Law”, University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law, Vol. 31 (Summer 2010), at 1239-1266.
Duvic-Paoli Leslie-Anne, “From Aspirational Politics to Soft Law? Exploring the International Legal Effects of Sustainable Development Goal 7 on Affordable and Clean Energy”, Melbourne Journal of International Law, Vol 22 (July, 2021), at 1-23.
Federal Foreign Office Jermany, “The significance of the Indo-Pacific”, 2023. < https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/en/aussenpolitik/regionaleschwerpunkte/asien/indo-pacific/2493040 > . Accessed on 17 November 2023.
Gilles Sourgen, Frédéric “A Parisian Consensus”, Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, Vol. 60 (2022) at 680 ) 657-749)
Gilles Sourgens Frédéric, “Climate Commons Law: The Transformative Force of The Paris Agreement”, New York University Journal of International Law & Politics, Vol. 50 (Spring, 2018), at 885-982.
Gonzalez Carmen G., “Climate Justice And Climate Displacement: Evaluating The Emerging Legal And Policy Responses”, Wisconsin International Law Journal, Vol. 36 (Spring, 2019), at 366-396.
IISD, “UNFCCC Releases Agenda for Durban Platform’s First Session”, (2012). < https://sdg.iisd.org/news/unfccc-releases-agenda-for-durban-platforms-first-session/ >. Aceessed on, 31 December 2023.
Jane Angelo Mary, “Building A Sustainable Resilient Agriculture System for Changing Global Environment, Environment Reporter News & Analysis, Vol. 43 (December 2013), at 11081.
Jayaram Dhanasree & Mundra Aanehi ,“Climate Security in the Indo-Pacific: Priorities and Challenge”, Issue Brief (May 24, 2023), at 2. < https://isdp.eu/publication/climate-security-in-the-indo-pacific-priorities-and-challenges/ > Accessed on 15 November 2023.
Muhaimin, Metode Penelitian Hukum, Mataram; Mataram University Press, 2020.
Jolly Stellina & Trivedi, Abhishek, “ Principle of CBDR-RC: Its Interpretation and Implementation Through NDCs In The Context of Sustainable Development”, Washington Journal of Environmental Law & Policy, Vol. 11 (May, 2021), at 309-348.
K. Lin Catherine & Moffat Philip A., “Global Supply Chain Under The Paris Agreement: The Relevance Of Chemical And Product Regulations”, Natural Resources & Environment, Vol. 31 (Winter, 2017), at 21-25.
Pou Sothirak Rivalry and Po Sovinda, “The Asean Outlook On The Indo-Pacific and The Great Power Rivalry” (2023) at 13. https://cicp.org.kh/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/FULL-BOOK-AOIP-AND-U.S.-CHINA.pdf
Puno Railla Veronica D, “Integrating Social And Environmental Safeguards In The Implementation of The Paris Agreement’s Sustainable Development Mechanism”, Environmental Law, Vol. 51 (Spring, 2021), at 205-222.
Seah Sharon and Martinus Melinda, “Gaps And Opportunities In Asean’s Climate Governance”, ISEAS, Yusof Ishak Institute, Issue 5 (2021), at 11. < https://www.iseas.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/TRS5_21.pdf > Accessed on 15 November 2023.
Soekanto Soerjono and Mamuji Sri, Penelitian Hukum Normatif Suatu Tinjauan Singkat, 2003.
Streck Charlotte, “Ambition Trap or Accelerator: Cooperative Approaches Under The Paris Agreement”, South Carolina Journal of International Law & Business, Vol. 13 (Spring, 2017), at 277-303.
Tscherning Rudiger, “Climate Litigation and the Class Action Mechanism--The Potential Role of the UN Sustainable Development Goals”, Journal of Environmental Law and Practice, Vol. 33 (June, 2020), at 133-158.
UNDP, “MRV In Practice – Connecting Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches for Developing National MRV Systems.
Wijaya Arief and Idris Shira, “ASEAN Countries Must Act Together to Confront Climate Change”, World Resources Institute, (2017). < https://www.wri.org/insights/asean-countries-must-act-together-confront-climate-change>. Accessed on 17 November 2023.
Treaties and Convention
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Rio Declaration
Kyoto Protocol
Paris Agreement