Airspace Management Interoperability in Enhancing National Air Defense System Indonesia and Russia

Abstract

National defense is a crucial aspect of a country's existence, as it determines the guarantee of its survival. The inability of a country to defend itself from threats, both internal and external, can lead to its demise. Globalization, which is synonymous with advancements in science and technology, has given rise to new forms of threats that are multidimensional in nature. These threats can emanate from ideological, political, economic, socio-cultural, and national defense and security issues. The complexity of these issues requires an integrated approach, involving various government agencies and institutions. The Indonesian Constitution explicitly mandates that every citizen has the right and duty to participate in national defense efforts. In facing military threats, the national defense system places the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) as the main component, supported by reserve and supporting components. In facing non-military threats, the system places government agencies outside the defense sector as the main component, adjusted to the nature and characteristics of the threat. Airspace management is critical in the context of national security, as airspace can be used as a medium for attacks or threats. The development of technology has made airspace a vital component of modern life, with various sectors having interests in its use, including economics, business, science, technology, environment, sports, and defense. However, the current management of airspace is fragmented, with different sectors managing it according to their interests, potentially leading to overlapping interests. Moreover, there are issues related to the lack of integration of institutional and human resource aspects, as well as technology and infrastructure, in airspace management. Interoperability is the ability of two or more systems and devices to communicate and work together to achieve common goals efficiently and effectively. In the context of airspace management, interoperability is crucial to ensure the integration of various systems and devices. This joint research aims to conduct a study on regulations, strategies, and efforts to achieve interoperability in national airspace management in Indonesia and Russia, in order to improve the national defense system. Russia is chosen as a partner country due to its strong interoperability in airspace management. Russia has implemented an airspace management system based on information technology and has developed advanced air traffic control infrastructure to ensure safety and efficiency in flight operations, as well as integration with the national air defense system