IS THE AICHR AN UNWANTED HUMAN RIGHTS BODY IN THE ASEAN? THE ANSWER FROM THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONAL LAW PERSPECTIVE
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Published:
Aug 4, 2022
Keywords:
ASEAN, ASEAN Charter, AICHR, Human Rights, International Organization
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Abstract
The AICHR is a remarkable achievements of ASEAN after having the ASEAN Charter in 2007. However, since the TOR of AICHR has a serious institutional defect that makes the AICHR unable to protect peoples’ human rights, the AICHR could not be act as a human rights guardian in the region. It leads to the question whether the ASEAN and its member states want the body to be established to protect the people in the region? The answer to this question is important to figure out the future human rights mechanisms in the region. The question will be addressed through qualitative and normative legal research. Field research was conducted to resolve some questions that are not provided in the literature to enrich the understanding on the topic from the ASEAN elites, practioner, and academicians. It finds that The institutional defect and less political support showed that ASEAN and its member states do not want to have a reliable regional human rights mechanism. However, it finds that there was an evolutionary approach that has been conducted by the AICHR despite that situation to promote human rights in the region. The study suggests the AICHR to use strong words of the TOR and the ASEAN Charter to enhance their performance and reliability. A new approach for human rights mechanisms that sets in a formal way; under a legal-binding instrument are more favorable. Therefore, if the AICHR show that characteristic, it will be supported by the ASEAN and its member states.
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Rachminawati. (2022). IS THE AICHR AN UNWANTED HUMAN RIGHTS BODY IN THE ASEAN? THE ANSWER FROM THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONAL LAW PERSPECTIVE. Padjadjaran Journal of International Law, 6(1), 43-59. https://doi.org/10.23920/pjil.v6i1.814
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References
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Tan, H. L. (2008). The ASEAN Human Rights Body: Incorporating Forgotten Promises for Policy Coherence and Efficacy, S.Y.B.I.L. Vol. 12. pp. 239.
Aguirre, D., & Pietropaoli, I. (2012). Human Rights Protection the ASEAN Way: Non-Intervention and the Newest Regional Human Rights System, International Human Rights Law Review 1, no. 2.
Baik, Tae-Ung. (2012). Emerging regional human rights systems in Asia. Cambridge University Press.
Bantekas, I., & Oette, L. (2013). International human rights law and practice. Cambridge University Press.
Beyer, W. (2011). Assessing an ASEAN Human Rights Regime A New Dawn for Human Rights in Southeast Asia?. (Unpublished Master’s thesis). Sweden: Lund University.
Burchill, R. (2011). Regional Regimes in Comparative Perspectiv. In American Society of International Law Proceedings of the Annual Meeting.
Chen, Lung-chu. (2014). An introduction to contemporary international law: a policy-oriented perspective. Oxford University Press.
Corthay, E. (2015). The ASEAN Doctrine of Non-Interference in Light of the Fundamental Principle of Non-Intervention, APLPJ 17.
Davies, M. (2013). Explaining the Vientiane Action Programme: ASEAN and the institutionalisation of human rights, The Pacific Review 26, No. 4.
Davies, M. (2013). The ASEAN Synthesis: Human Rights, Non-Intervention, and the ASEAN Human Rights Declaration, Georgetown Journal of International Affairs.
Desierto, D. A. (2009). Universalizing Core Human Rights in the New ASEAN: A Reassessment of Culture and Development Justifications against the Global Rejection of Impunity, Goettingen J. Int'l L. 1.
Desierto, D. A. (2010). ASEAN's Constitutionalization of International Law: Challenges to Evolution Under the New ASEAN Charter, Colum. J. Transnat'l L. 49
Donnelly, J. (1986). International human rights: a regime analysis. International Organization.
Doyle, N. (2014). The ASEAN human rights declaration and the implications of recent Southeast Asian initiatives in human rights institution-building and standard-setting, International & Comparative Law Quarterly Vol. 63. No. 1. pp. 67-101.
Ginbar, Y. (2010). Human rights in ASEAN—setting sail or treading water?. Human Rights Law Review Vol. 10. No. 3. pp. 504-518.
H.E. Dato Lim Jock Hoi, “Remarks by H.E. Dato Lim Jock Hoi
Secretary-General of ASEAN (2018 – 2022)
Handover Ceremony for the Transfer of Office of the Secretary-General of ASEAN” Asean Secretariat, January 5, 2018, http://asean.org/storage/2018/01/ASEAN-SG-Dato-Lim-Remarks-for-the-Handover-Ceremony-5-Jan-2018_FINAL-II.pdf.
Harris, S. R. (2000). Asian Human Rights: Forming a Regional Covenant, APLPJ Vol.1.
Henrikson, A. K. (1995). The Growth of Regional Organization and the Role of the United Nations. In L. L. Fawcett, & A. Hurrell (Eds.). Regionalism in world politics: regional organization and international order. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hummer, W., & Schweitzer, M. (1995). Chapter VIII regional arrangement. In B. Simma, H. Mosler, & United Nations, The Charter of the United Nations: A Commentary. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Jones, W. J., & Muntarbhorn, V. (2014). Unity in Connectivity - Evolving Human Rights Mechanisms in the ASEAN Region, Hum. Rts. L. Rev. Vol. 14. pp. 573.
Kheng-Lian, K., & Robinson N. A. (2002). Strengthening Sustainable Development in Regional Inter-Governmental Governance: Lessons from the ASEAN Way, Sing. J. Int'l & Comp. L. 6.
Klabbers, J. (2002). An Introduction to International Institutional Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Martin, F. F., Schnebly, S. J., Wilson, R., Simon, J., & Tushnet, M. (2006). International human rights and humanitarian law: treaties, cases, and analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Moeckli, D., Shah, S., Harris, D., and Sivakumaran, S. (2014), International human rights law. Oxford University Press. Moeckli stated in his book that implementation phase is the main challenge including in The UN human rights systems where they successfully bring universal human rights.
Munro, J. (2009). Why States Create International Human Rights Mechanisms: The ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights and Democratic Lock-in theory, Asia-Pac. J. on Hum. Rts. & L. Vol 10. No. 1.
Phan, H. D. (2008). A Blueprint for a Southeast Asian Court of Human Rights, APLPJ Vol. 10. pp. 385.
Phan, H. D. (2008). The Evolution towards an ASEAN Human Rights Body, Asia-Pac. J. on Hum. Rts. & L. Vol. 1. No. 9.
Phan, H. D. (2012). A Selective Approach to Establishing a Human Rights Mechanism in Southeast Asia: The case for a Southeast Asian Court of Human Rights. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
Phan, H. D. (2013). Procedures for Peace: Building Mechanisms for Dispute Settlement and Conflict Management within ASEAN, 20 U.C. Davis J. Int'l L. & Pol'y 47.
Phan, H. D. (2014). Promoting Compliance: An Assessment of Asean Instruments since the Asean Charter, J. Int'l L. & Com. Vol. 41. pp. 379.
Poole, A. (2015). “The world is outraged”: Legitimacy in the making of the ASEAN human rights body, Contemporary Southeast Asia.
Poole, A. (2015). The World is Outraged: Legitimacy in the Making of the ASEAN Human Rights Body, Contemporary Southeast Asia Vol. 37, No. 3. pp. 355–80.
Posner, E. (2020). “The case against human rights,” The Guardian, < https://www.theguardian.com/news/2014/dec/04/-sp-case-against-human-rights> (accessed March 9, 2020)
Sano, H Otto., and Martin, T Max. (2017) “Inside the organization. Methods of researching human rights and organizational dynamics”, Research Methods in Human Rights: A Handbook.
Tan, H. L. (2008). The ASEAN Human Rights Body: Incorporating Forgotten Promises for Policy Coherence and Efficacy, S.Y.B.I.L. Vol. 12. pp. 239.