Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Private sector-driven housing development through instalment payment systems such as PPJB is one of the pillars of fulfilling the right to housing and economic growth. However, this practice poses legal risks when developers face bankruptcy. The Supreme Court Decision Number 24 K/Pdt.Sus-Pailit/2025 highlights the conflict between the rights of consumers who have paid in full and taken possession of their housing units and the principle of bankruptcy, which places all developer assets in the bankruptcy estate. The absence of certificates and formal transfer of rights creates legal uncertainty, raising fundamental questions about the legal status of uncertified houses, the protection of consumers' good faith, and the balance between creditors' rights and legal certainty for buyers. This study aims to analyse the implications of developer bankruptcy on the fulfilment of consumer civil rights, focusing on the case study of Supreme Court Decision Number 24K/Pdt.Sus- Pailit/2025. This analysis is expected to contribute to strengthening consumer legal protection while offering a fair perspective in balancing the interests of creditors and the rights of buyers of houses acting in good faith. The research method used is normative legal research with a legislative and case approach. The results of the study show that consumers' substantive ownership must be recognised if the payment has been settled and physical control of the house has been fulfilled, even if the formalities of the certificate have not been completed. Houses that have been taken possession of by consumers should not be included in the bankruptcy estate, as this disregards the principles of good faith, substantive justice, and consumer protection. The Supreme Court's decision is an important precedent for balancing legal certainty, distributive and corrective justice, and encouraging regulatory reform of housing developer bankruptcy.
Keywords
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.
The submitted papers are assumed to contain no proprietary material unprotected by patent or patent application; responsibility for technical content and for protection of proprietary material rests solely with the author(s) and their organizations and is not the responsibility of the ACTA DIURNAL or its Editorial Staff. The main (first/corresponding) author is responsible for ensuring that the article has been seen and approved by all the other authors. It is the responsibility of the author to obtain all necessary copyright release permissions for the use of any copyrighted materials in the manuscript prior to the submission.
References
- Adichandra, Muhammad Boma, and Reni Budi Setianingrum. “Bentuk Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pembeli Rumah Dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Kepailitan Pengembang.” Media of Law and Sharia 3, no. 1 (2022): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.18196/mls.v3i1.13222.
- Albar, Ilma Zhafirah. “Kepastian Hukum Sertifikat Hak Milik Atas Tanah Bekas Hak Milik Adat Yang Penguasaaannya Diklaim Oleh Subjek Hukum Lain (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1012 K/Pdt/2023).” Indonesian Notary 6, no. 4 (2024): 49–68. https://doi.org/10.21143/notary.vol6.no4.49.
- Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Kencana, 2008.
- Nasution, Khaidir, Ahmad Fauzi, and Ramlan. “Perspektif Hukum Pembebanan Hak Tanggungan Atas Sertifikat Hak Milik Satuan Rumah Susun Sebagai Jaminan Kredit Perbankan.” Doktrina: Journal of Law 5, no. 2 (2022): 237–67. https://doi.org/10.31289/doktrina.v5i2.7439.
- Padmono, Darmawan Febri. “Perlindungan Konsumen Dalam Perjanjian Jual-Beli Perumahan Subsidi Pada PKPU Di Pengadilan Niaga Semarang (Studi Kasus Terhadap Putusan PKPU Pengadilan Niaga Semarang Nomor 50/Pdt. Sus-PKPU/2021/PN. SMG).” Universitas Islam Indonesia, 2023.
- Perwiro, Ghea Iffat Zayyan. “Perlindungan Konsumen Yang Terikat Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli (PPJB) Apabila Pengembang (Developer) Apartemen Dinyatakan Pailit (Studi Terhadap Apartemen Candiland).” Universitas Islam Sultan Agung Semarang., 2023.
- Rahmi, Elita. “Pembuktian Sertifikat Tanah Dan Kapita Selekta Hukum Agraria.” Universitas Jambi, 2021.
- Ratno, Muhammad Alifah. “Tanggung Jawab Pengembang Pada Pemenuhan Hak Atas Prasarana, Sarana Dan Utilitas Umum Perumahan KPR Bersubsidi.” Universitas Hasanuddin, 2022.
- Sadam, Muhammad, Deni Angela, Muhammad Salman Asaduddin, Radhita Rasya, Rita Salsabilla, and Shafira Setiawanti. “Efektivitas Kebijakan Pemerintah Pembangunan Sejuta Rumah (Analisis Pembangunan Hunian Layak Di Kabupaten Bantul Tahun 2019).” Community : Pengawas Dinamika Sosial 10, no. 1 (2024): 23. https://doi.org/10.35308/jcpds.v10i1.7836.
- Salsabila, Prita Sahada. “Tanggung Jawab Kurator Terhadap Pemberesan Boedel Pailit Developer Yang Telah Dikuasai Pembeli Rumah.” Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2024.
- Santoso, Urip. Hukum Perumahan. Jakarta: Prenada Media, 2017.
- Soekanto, Soerjono, and Sri Mamudji. Penelitian Hukum Normatif Suatu Tinjauan. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2010.
- Syifa, Keysa Aulia. “Perlindungan Hukum Pembeli Dalam PPJB Lunas Dalam Hal Objek PPJB Lunas Masuk Dalam Daftar Harta Pailit Developer.” Jurnal Hukum Indonesia 5, no. 1 (2019): 28–38. https://doi.org/10.58344/jhi.v5i1.1698.
- Tarumanagara, Universitas. “Hubungan Hukum Antara Perusahaan Properti Dan Konsumen Dalam Jual Beli Rumah Melalui Sistem Pre- Project Selling.” Rewang Rencang : Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis. Vol.5. 5, no. 9 (2024): 1–22. https://ojs.rewangrencang.com/index.php/JHLG/article/view/629/295.
- Tiara, Salman, and Arrie Budhiartie. “Analisis Konsep Keadilan Dalam Pandangan Filsafat Hukum Aristoteles Dan Relevansinya Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Nalar Keadilan 19, no. 2 (2024): 1–9.
- Wibowo, Agus. Hukum Kepailitan. Semarang: Penerbit Yayasan Prima Agus Teknik, 2025.
References
Adichandra, Muhammad Boma, and Reni Budi Setianingrum. “Bentuk Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pembeli Rumah Dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Kepailitan Pengembang.” Media of Law and Sharia 3, no. 1 (2022): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.18196/mls.v3i1.13222.
Albar, Ilma Zhafirah. “Kepastian Hukum Sertifikat Hak Milik Atas Tanah Bekas Hak Milik Adat Yang Penguasaaannya Diklaim Oleh Subjek Hukum Lain (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1012 K/Pdt/2023).” Indonesian Notary 6, no. 4 (2024): 49–68. https://doi.org/10.21143/notary.vol6.no4.49.
Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Kencana, 2008.
Nasution, Khaidir, Ahmad Fauzi, and Ramlan. “Perspektif Hukum Pembebanan Hak Tanggungan Atas Sertifikat Hak Milik Satuan Rumah Susun Sebagai Jaminan Kredit Perbankan.” Doktrina: Journal of Law 5, no. 2 (2022): 237–67. https://doi.org/10.31289/doktrina.v5i2.7439.
Padmono, Darmawan Febri. “Perlindungan Konsumen Dalam Perjanjian Jual-Beli Perumahan Subsidi Pada PKPU Di Pengadilan Niaga Semarang (Studi Kasus Terhadap Putusan PKPU Pengadilan Niaga Semarang Nomor 50/Pdt. Sus-PKPU/2021/PN. SMG).” Universitas Islam Indonesia, 2023.
Perwiro, Ghea Iffat Zayyan. “Perlindungan Konsumen Yang Terikat Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli (PPJB) Apabila Pengembang (Developer) Apartemen Dinyatakan Pailit (Studi Terhadap Apartemen Candiland).” Universitas Islam Sultan Agung Semarang., 2023.
Rahmi, Elita. “Pembuktian Sertifikat Tanah Dan Kapita Selekta Hukum Agraria.” Universitas Jambi, 2021.
Ratno, Muhammad Alifah. “Tanggung Jawab Pengembang Pada Pemenuhan Hak Atas Prasarana, Sarana Dan Utilitas Umum Perumahan KPR Bersubsidi.” Universitas Hasanuddin, 2022.
Sadam, Muhammad, Deni Angela, Muhammad Salman Asaduddin, Radhita Rasya, Rita Salsabilla, and Shafira Setiawanti. “Efektivitas Kebijakan Pemerintah Pembangunan Sejuta Rumah (Analisis Pembangunan Hunian Layak Di Kabupaten Bantul Tahun 2019).” Community : Pengawas Dinamika Sosial 10, no. 1 (2024): 23. https://doi.org/10.35308/jcpds.v10i1.7836.
Salsabila, Prita Sahada. “Tanggung Jawab Kurator Terhadap Pemberesan Boedel Pailit Developer Yang Telah Dikuasai Pembeli Rumah.” Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2024.
Santoso, Urip. Hukum Perumahan. Jakarta: Prenada Media, 2017.
Soekanto, Soerjono, and Sri Mamudji. Penelitian Hukum Normatif Suatu Tinjauan. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2010.
Syifa, Keysa Aulia. “Perlindungan Hukum Pembeli Dalam PPJB Lunas Dalam Hal Objek PPJB Lunas Masuk Dalam Daftar Harta Pailit Developer.” Jurnal Hukum Indonesia 5, no. 1 (2019): 28–38. https://doi.org/10.58344/jhi.v5i1.1698.
Tarumanagara, Universitas. “Hubungan Hukum Antara Perusahaan Properti Dan Konsumen Dalam Jual Beli Rumah Melalui Sistem Pre- Project Selling.” Rewang Rencang : Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis. Vol.5. 5, no. 9 (2024): 1–22. https://ojs.rewangrencang.com/index.php/JHLG/article/view/629/295.
Tiara, Salman, and Arrie Budhiartie. “Analisis Konsep Keadilan Dalam Pandangan Filsafat Hukum Aristoteles Dan Relevansinya Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Nalar Keadilan 19, no. 2 (2024): 1–9.
Wibowo, Agus. Hukum Kepailitan. Semarang: Penerbit Yayasan Prima Agus Teknik, 2025.