A Legal Framework for the Governance of Pesantren-Owned Enterprises in Indonesia: Integrating Pesantren Values with Corporate Governance Principles

Teguh Asmara; Revi Inayatillah

doi:10.24198/vd8kcw24

Articles

A Legal Framework for the Governance of Pesantren-Owned Enterprises in Indonesia: Integrating Pesantren Values with Corporate Governance Principles

Authors

Teguh Asmara Faculty of Law, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
Revi Inayatillah Faculty of Law, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia

Published 29-09-2026

DOI 10.24198/vd8kcw24

Section Articles

Abstract

ABSTRACT
Introduction to the Problem:
Pesantren increasingly conduct business through Pesantren-Owned Enterprises (POEs) to support educational, religious, and community-empowerment functions. However, the legal basis for POEs remains fragmented, while specific guidance is contained in a ministerial decision that does not establish integrated governance standards.

Purpose/Study Objectives:
This study examines the legal construction of POEs as business actors, evaluates the adequacy and regulatory status of their existing legal basis, and formulates a legal framework for their governance.

Novelty:
This article conceptualises POEs as hybrid business actors operating through existing forms of business organisation. It connects business-form selection with governance design, evaluates the adequacy of the current regulatory basis, and translates pesantren values into operational governance mechanisms.

Methodology:
This study employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and analytical approaches.

Results/Findings:
The existing regulatory framework supports pesantren economic development but remains fragmented and lacks integrated, form-neutral governance standards. Different forms of business organisation entail distinct consequences for ownership or membership, asset arrangements, management authority, and liability. The study proposes four interrelated governance components and recommends the adoption of a government regulation implementing the Pesantren Law to establish proportionate minimum standards for POEs.

Keywords

corporate governance
hybrid organisations
pesantren-owned enterprises
pesantren values
regulatory framework

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