Faulty Implementation of Flight Delay Compensation in Indonesian Regulation: A Study Based on the Montreal Convention
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Published:
Jun 4, 2025
Keywords:
compensation, flight delay, montreal convention
Main Article Content
Abstract
As the Montreal Convention has been ratified by Indonesia, the main regulation concerning aviation in Indonesia has not been updated to follow the standard upheld by the Montreal Convention, especially for any compensation for passengers and baggage. This research aims to the compliance of national legislation towards international obligations, especially in compensation for delayed flights. This research will also delve into the terms & conditions of Indonesian airlines serving international flights as they are the most affected to any regulatory change. This research is an empirical normative method where research results shows that the national legislation is not up to par with the Montreal Convention while Indonesian airlines have adapted to use International Convention in their terms & conditions to make up for the outdated regulation. This paper will highlight the difference in standard employed under the Montreal Convention and the current flight Indonesian regulation with a general conclusion to update current regulation. A recommendation on the current regulation would be to create a reimbursement system to cover the compensation for the passenger.
Article Details
How to Cite
Velly, N., & Rachminawati, R. (2025). Faulty Implementation of Flight Delay Compensation in Indonesian Regulation: A Study Based on the Montreal Convention. Jurnal Poros Hukum Padjadjaran, 6(2), 216-227. https://doi.org/10.24198/jphp.v6i2.2247
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Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Books
Bartsch, R. I. C. (2018). International aviation law: A practical guide (2nd edition). Routledge.
Wiradipraja, E. S. (1989). Tanggung Jawab Pengangkut Dalam Hukum Pengangkutan Udara Internasional dan Nasional (Ed. 1, cet. 1). Liberty.
Journals
Arafah, A. R., Putro, Y. M., Bais, A. N., Solita, S., & Prakasa, S. U. W. (2024). Voyage rights in review: Indonesian tourism and aviation legislation. Cogent Social Sciences, 10(1), 2333980. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2333980.
Asmarsha Qathrinada & Pranoto. (2019). Kompensasi Sebagai Bentuk Tanggung Jawab Pihak Maskapai Penerbangan dalam Keterlambatan Jadwal Penerbangan Komersial di Indonesia. Jurnal Privat Law, 7(1), 124. https://doi.org/ 10.20961/privat.v7i1.30140.
Defossez, D. (2021). Proposed revisions of regulation 261/2004: Endangering passengers’ rights and going against the international trend?. Journal of Air Transport Management, 91, 102008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020. 102008.
Drake, S. (2020). Delays, Cancellations and Compensation: Why Are Air Passengers Still Finding It Difficult to Enforce Their Eu Rights Under Regulation 261/2004? Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law, 27(2), 230–249. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/1023263X20904235.
Evilola P.M.P, Rinitami Njatrijani, & Hendro Saptono. (2016). Pelaksanaan Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pengguna Jasa Angkutan Udara Berdasarkan Undang-undang No 1 Tahun 2009. Diponegoro Law Journal, 5(4).
Fahrizal, D., Anatami, D., & Nurkhotijah, S., Riau. (2022). Analisis Yuridis Tanggung Jawab Pelaku Usaha Terhadap Konsumen Akibat Keterlambatan Penerbangan. Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia, 2(1), 15–27. https://doi.org/10.35912/ jihham.v2i1.1546.
Habibah, I. W. E., & Kusuma, N. M. P. (2024). Analisis Penanganan Kompensasi Delay pada Maskapai Lion Air terhadap Kepuasan Penumpang oleh PT Kokapura di Bandar Udara Jenderal Ahmad Yani Semarang. El-Mal: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi & Bisnis Islam, 5(2), 540–553. https://doi.org/10.47467/elmal.v5i2.550.
Hidayat, M. T. (2017). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pengguna Jasa Angkutan Udara dalam Perspektif Peraturan Perundang-undangan tentang Penerbangan. Al-Adl : Jurnal Hukum, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.31602/al-adl.v8i3.677.
Kania, D. D., Ulfa, A., & Sari, M. (2020). Indonesia’s Diplomacy on Flight Safety. Jurnal Manajemen Transportasi & Logistik (JMTRANSLOG), 7(2), 118. https://doi.org/ 10.54324/j.mtl.v7i2.421
Mangara Pasaribu. (2016). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Penumpang dan Barang Milik Penumpang dalam Jasa Pengangkutan Udara. JURNAL MERCATORIA, 9(1), 35–53.
Ni Wayan Melda Ika Damayanthi & I Wayan Parsa. (2015). Pelaksanaan Tanggung Jawab Maskapai Penerbangan terhadap Keterlambatan Penerbangan. Kertha Semaya: Journal Ilmu Hukum, 3(1), 11.
Nugraha, R. A., & Kovudhikulrungsri, L. (2017). Aviation Legal Issues in Indonesia and Thailand: Towards Better Passengers’ Rights in Asean. Indonesia Law Review, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.15742/ilrev.v7n1.290.
Purnamaningrat, I. G. A. I., & Udiana, I. M. (2022). Ganti Rugi dalam Penerbangan Internasional Menurut Konvensi Montreal 1999. Kertha Semaya : Journal Ilmu Hukum, 10(3), 529. https://doi.org/10.24843/KS.2022.v10.i03.p04.
Qalbi, N., & Jayadi, A. (2020). Aspek Hukum Ganti Kerugian Keterlambatan Penerbangan (Flight Delay) Maskapai Penerbangan Komersial Indonesia. Alauddin Law Development Journal, 2(3), 302–315. https://doi.org/10.24252/aldev. v2i3.14642.
Revino Wahyu Mumek, Caecilia J.J Waha, & Max Karel Sondakh. (2023). Tanggung Jawab Hukum Pengangkutan Udara Niaga Menurut Konvensi Montreal 1999 dan Undang–Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2009 tentang Penerbangan. Lex Crimen, 7(3), 1234.
Asmah, A. (2017). Kajian Hukum Dampak Regulasi Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Terhadap Maskapai Penerbangan Bumn dan Swasta. Al Daulah : Jurnal Hukum Pidana dan Ketatanegaraan, 6(2), 229–239. https://doi.org/10.24252/ad.v6i2.4879
Vernon Nase. (2017). Reflections on Liability of Air Carriers for Delay. The University of Notre Dame. Australia Law Review, 19(4).
Wilson, N. (2019). The Impact of Service Quality and Brand Image toward Customer Loyalty in the Indonesian Airlines Industry. Jurnal Manajemen Indonesia, 18(3), 222. https://doi.org/10.25124/jmi.v18i3.1734.
Yaurwarin, W., & Siwabessy, D. J. (2023). Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Pengguna Jasa Angkutan Udara Akibat Keterlambatan Penerbangan. PUBLIC POLICY (Jurnal Aplikasi Kebijakan Publik & Bisnis), 4(2), 313–329. https://doi.org/10.51135/ PublicPolicy.v4.i2.p13-29.
Zhang, J. (2016). Exploration on Domestic Flight Delay and Compensation: 91. International Conference on Education, Management, Computer and Society. https://doi.org/10.2991/emcs-16.2016.22.
Legislation
1999 Montreal Convention.
Law Number 1 of 2009 concerning Aviation.
Government Regulation Number 40 of 1995 on Air Carriers.
Minister of Transportation Regulation Number 77 of 2011 on Air Transport Carrier Liability.
Minister of Transportation Regulation Number 89 of 2015 concerning Delay Management in Scheduled Commercial Air Transport Business Entities in Indonesia.
Other Sources
Air Asia. (2024). Terms and conditions of carriage for QZ flights. https://www.airasia.com/aa/about-us/en/gb/terms-and-conditions-qz.html
Garuda Indonesia. (2024). Conditions of Carriage of Passenger and Baggage. https://www.garuda-indonesia.com/oc/en/contact/condition-of-carriage
Lion Air. (2024). Terms & Conditions, Privacy Policy. https://www.lionair.co.id/en/ terms-conditions
Malindo Air. (2024). General Terms & Conditions. https://www.malindoair.com/ terms-and-conditions.
Bartsch, R. I. C. (2018). International aviation law: A practical guide (2nd edition). Routledge.
Wiradipraja, E. S. (1989). Tanggung Jawab Pengangkut Dalam Hukum Pengangkutan Udara Internasional dan Nasional (Ed. 1, cet. 1). Liberty.
Journals
Arafah, A. R., Putro, Y. M., Bais, A. N., Solita, S., & Prakasa, S. U. W. (2024). Voyage rights in review: Indonesian tourism and aviation legislation. Cogent Social Sciences, 10(1), 2333980. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2333980.
Asmarsha Qathrinada & Pranoto. (2019). Kompensasi Sebagai Bentuk Tanggung Jawab Pihak Maskapai Penerbangan dalam Keterlambatan Jadwal Penerbangan Komersial di Indonesia. Jurnal Privat Law, 7(1), 124. https://doi.org/ 10.20961/privat.v7i1.30140.
Defossez, D. (2021). Proposed revisions of regulation 261/2004: Endangering passengers’ rights and going against the international trend?. Journal of Air Transport Management, 91, 102008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020. 102008.
Drake, S. (2020). Delays, Cancellations and Compensation: Why Are Air Passengers Still Finding It Difficult to Enforce Their Eu Rights Under Regulation 261/2004? Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law, 27(2), 230–249. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/1023263X20904235.
Evilola P.M.P, Rinitami Njatrijani, & Hendro Saptono. (2016). Pelaksanaan Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pengguna Jasa Angkutan Udara Berdasarkan Undang-undang No 1 Tahun 2009. Diponegoro Law Journal, 5(4).
Fahrizal, D., Anatami, D., & Nurkhotijah, S., Riau. (2022). Analisis Yuridis Tanggung Jawab Pelaku Usaha Terhadap Konsumen Akibat Keterlambatan Penerbangan. Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia, 2(1), 15–27. https://doi.org/10.35912/ jihham.v2i1.1546.
Habibah, I. W. E., & Kusuma, N. M. P. (2024). Analisis Penanganan Kompensasi Delay pada Maskapai Lion Air terhadap Kepuasan Penumpang oleh PT Kokapura di Bandar Udara Jenderal Ahmad Yani Semarang. El-Mal: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi & Bisnis Islam, 5(2), 540–553. https://doi.org/10.47467/elmal.v5i2.550.
Hidayat, M. T. (2017). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pengguna Jasa Angkutan Udara dalam Perspektif Peraturan Perundang-undangan tentang Penerbangan. Al-Adl : Jurnal Hukum, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.31602/al-adl.v8i3.677.
Kania, D. D., Ulfa, A., & Sari, M. (2020). Indonesia’s Diplomacy on Flight Safety. Jurnal Manajemen Transportasi & Logistik (JMTRANSLOG), 7(2), 118. https://doi.org/ 10.54324/j.mtl.v7i2.421
Mangara Pasaribu. (2016). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Penumpang dan Barang Milik Penumpang dalam Jasa Pengangkutan Udara. JURNAL MERCATORIA, 9(1), 35–53.
Ni Wayan Melda Ika Damayanthi & I Wayan Parsa. (2015). Pelaksanaan Tanggung Jawab Maskapai Penerbangan terhadap Keterlambatan Penerbangan. Kertha Semaya: Journal Ilmu Hukum, 3(1), 11.
Nugraha, R. A., & Kovudhikulrungsri, L. (2017). Aviation Legal Issues in Indonesia and Thailand: Towards Better Passengers’ Rights in Asean. Indonesia Law Review, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.15742/ilrev.v7n1.290.
Purnamaningrat, I. G. A. I., & Udiana, I. M. (2022). Ganti Rugi dalam Penerbangan Internasional Menurut Konvensi Montreal 1999. Kertha Semaya : Journal Ilmu Hukum, 10(3), 529. https://doi.org/10.24843/KS.2022.v10.i03.p04.
Qalbi, N., & Jayadi, A. (2020). Aspek Hukum Ganti Kerugian Keterlambatan Penerbangan (Flight Delay) Maskapai Penerbangan Komersial Indonesia. Alauddin Law Development Journal, 2(3), 302–315. https://doi.org/10.24252/aldev. v2i3.14642.
Revino Wahyu Mumek, Caecilia J.J Waha, & Max Karel Sondakh. (2023). Tanggung Jawab Hukum Pengangkutan Udara Niaga Menurut Konvensi Montreal 1999 dan Undang–Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2009 tentang Penerbangan. Lex Crimen, 7(3), 1234.
Asmah, A. (2017). Kajian Hukum Dampak Regulasi Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Terhadap Maskapai Penerbangan Bumn dan Swasta. Al Daulah : Jurnal Hukum Pidana dan Ketatanegaraan, 6(2), 229–239. https://doi.org/10.24252/ad.v6i2.4879
Vernon Nase. (2017). Reflections on Liability of Air Carriers for Delay. The University of Notre Dame. Australia Law Review, 19(4).
Wilson, N. (2019). The Impact of Service Quality and Brand Image toward Customer Loyalty in the Indonesian Airlines Industry. Jurnal Manajemen Indonesia, 18(3), 222. https://doi.org/10.25124/jmi.v18i3.1734.
Yaurwarin, W., & Siwabessy, D. J. (2023). Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Pengguna Jasa Angkutan Udara Akibat Keterlambatan Penerbangan. PUBLIC POLICY (Jurnal Aplikasi Kebijakan Publik & Bisnis), 4(2), 313–329. https://doi.org/10.51135/ PublicPolicy.v4.i2.p13-29.
Zhang, J. (2016). Exploration on Domestic Flight Delay and Compensation: 91. International Conference on Education, Management, Computer and Society. https://doi.org/10.2991/emcs-16.2016.22.
Legislation
1999 Montreal Convention.
Law Number 1 of 2009 concerning Aviation.
Government Regulation Number 40 of 1995 on Air Carriers.
Minister of Transportation Regulation Number 77 of 2011 on Air Transport Carrier Liability.
Minister of Transportation Regulation Number 89 of 2015 concerning Delay Management in Scheduled Commercial Air Transport Business Entities in Indonesia.
Other Sources
Air Asia. (2024). Terms and conditions of carriage for QZ flights. https://www.airasia.com/aa/about-us/en/gb/terms-and-conditions-qz.html
Garuda Indonesia. (2024). Conditions of Carriage of Passenger and Baggage. https://www.garuda-indonesia.com/oc/en/contact/condition-of-carriage
Lion Air. (2024). Terms & Conditions, Privacy Policy. https://www.lionair.co.id/en/ terms-conditions
Malindo Air. (2024). General Terms & Conditions. https://www.malindoair.com/ terms-and-conditions.