Authorship Criteria

Padjadjaran Law Review (PLR) treats authorship as both a recognition of intellectual contribution and a responsibility for the published work. PLR's approach follows the guidance of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), adapted to legal scholarship, together with the Peraturan Kepala Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 tentang Kode Etik Publikasi Ilmiah (Code of Ethics for Scientific Publications) referred to in PLR's Publication Ethics.

1. Eligibility for Authorship

A person may be named as an author only if they satisfy all of the following conditions:

1) They contributed substantially to the conception or design of the study, or to the gathering, analysis, or interpretation of legal materials, data, or sources;
2) They took part in drafting the manuscript or in revising it critically for important intellectual content;
3) They approved the version submitted for review and publication; and
4) They accept accountability for the work as a whole and will help resolve any question about its accuracy or integrity.

2. Acknowledgments

Contributors who do not meet all four conditions above are not authors. Their support should be credited in the Acknowledgments section, with their consent. Examples include:

1) funding or institutional support;
2) general supervision or administrative assistance;
3) proofreading, translation, or language editing; and
technical assistance in collecting sources or data.

3. Responsibilities of Authors

All authors share responsibility for the submitted manuscript. Authors must:

1) submit original work and cite the sources of the ideas, opinions, and findings of others;
2) refrain from fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, and self-plagiarism;
3) not submit a manuscript that is under consideration by PLR to any other publication, unless it has been returned to them by the editors;
4) revise the manuscript in response to the reviewers' and editors' recommendations; and
5) inform the editors promptly upon discovering an error in a submitted, accepted, or published manuscript.

4. Corresponding Author

One author must be designated as the corresponding author, who communicates with PLR throughout submission, review, and publication. The corresponding author must ensure that:

1) every co-author meets the authorship criteria and has approved the final manuscript;
2) no person who qualifies as an author has been omitted;
3) the order of authors has been agreed upon by all authors; and
4) all PLR requirements are fulfilled, including the Declaration of Originality.

5. Order of Authors

The authors decide the order of authorship among themselves before submission. The order should reflect each author's relative contribution to the work.

6. Changes to the Author List

Any request to add, remove, or reorder authors after submission must be made to the editors in writing. The request must explain the reasons for the change and be signed by all authors, including any person being added or removed. Changes to the author list are not accepted after a manuscript has been accepted for publication, except in exceptional circumstances approved by the Editor-in-Chief.

7. Unacceptable Authorship Practices

PLR does not accept the following practices:

1) Ghost authorship: omitting a person who qualifies as an author.
2) Gift (honorary) authorship: naming a person who has not made a substantial contribution, for example because of their position, seniority, or personal relationship.
3) Guest authorship: adding a well-known name to improve the manuscript's chances of acceptance.
4) Fictitious authorship: naming a non-existent person, or a person without their knowledge and consent.

Suspected cases will be handled following COPE guidance. Depending on the findings, the outcome may include rejection of the manuscript, correction or retraction of a published article, and notification of the authors' institutions.

8. Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence tools cannot be listed as authors, because they cannot take responsibility for, approve, or answer for the content of the work. The use of AI is limited to a maximum of 20%, verified through Turnitin, and must be declared transparently in the Declaration of Originality, in accordance with PLR's AI Policy.

9. Author Identity

Each author must provide their full name, institutional affiliation, and a valid email address. Authors are strongly encouraged to provide an ORCID iD.