Consumer Protection Against False Ecolabel Claims: A Legal Analysis in Indonesia
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Published:
Nov 30, 2024
Keywords:
consumer protection;, ecolabel, greenwashing
Main Article Content
Abstract
The growing environmental awareness has encouraged the use of ecolabels as markers for environmentally friendly products. However, the phenomenon of greenwashing, where companies falsely claim environmental benefits, poses a challenge to consumer protection in Indonesia. Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection is expected to safeguard consumers from misleading information, including false ecolabel claims. However, weak enforcement, lack of consumer awareness, and regulatory gaps have allowed greenwashing practices to persist. Consumer education and the harmonization of ecolabel standards are crucial to addressing this issue. In addition, technologies like blockchain can be utilized to enhance product supply chain transparency. More effective law enforcement and collaboration between the government, certification bodies, and the public are needed to ensure that only truly environmentally friendly products receive ecolabels. This article analyzes the regulation of consumer protection against false ecolabel claims in Indonesia and proposes solutions to strengthen this protection.
Article Details
How to Cite
Yuanitasari, D., Kusmayanti, H., & Suwandono, A. (2024). Consumer Protection Against False Ecolabel Claims: A Legal Analysis in Indonesia. Jurnal Poros Hukum Padjadjaran, 6(1), 31-47. https://doi.org/10.23920/jphp.v6i1.1901
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Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Books
Soerjono Soekamto dan Sri Mamudji, (2015) Penelitian Hukum Normatif, Jakarta,PT. Rajagrafindo Persada, P. 5
Susilowati S Dajaan, 2016, Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen, Cet. 2, Universitas Terbuka, Tangerang Selatan.
Journal
Baumeister, S., & Onkila, T. (2017). An eco-label for the airline industry? Journal of Cleaner Production, 142, 1368–1376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.11.170
Cai, Z., Xie, Y., & Aguilar, F. X. (2017). Eco-label credibility and retailer effects on green product purchasing intentions. Forest Policy and Economics, 80(March), 200–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2017.04.001
Chen, H., Bernard, S., & Rahman, I. (2019). Greenwashing in hotels: A structural model of trust and behavioral intentions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 206, 326–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.09.168
Chi, N. T. K. (2021). Understanding the effects of eco-label, eco-brand, and social media on green consumption intention in ecotourism destinations. Journal of Cleaner Production, 321, 128995. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128995
Chia Yen Yang, Fandy Tjiptono, Christina Kwai Choi Lee & Jasmine May Yee Loo. Corporate good deed and service failure: does being good lead to forgiveness?. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management 0:0, pages 1-31.
Cho, B.-K., Park, J.-Y., & Lee, Y.-K. (2023). Do green practices and green image promote consumers’ participation in social network sites (SNS)? Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 32(5), 631–648. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2023.2191595
Dyah Ayu Sri Wilujeng, Lego Karjoko, & Sapto Hermawan. (2023). PENERAPAN EKOLABEL SESUAI IMPLIKASI EKONOMI HIJAU SEBAGAI UPAYA PERLINDUNGAN TERHADAP KELESTARIAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP. Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum (JKH), 9(2), 1–9. Retrieved from https://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/jkh/article/view/65366
Gilles Grolleau, Lisette Ibanez, Naoufel Mzoughi, Mario F. Teisl. Helping eco-labels to fulfil their promises. Climate Policy, 2016, 16 (6), pp.792-902. ff10.1080/14693062.2015.1033675ff. ffhal-01506395
Griskevicius, V., Tybur, J., Van Den Bergh, B. 2010. Going green to be seen: Status, reputation and conspicuous conservation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 98(3): 392-404.
Hidayah, M. R., Sugandini, D., & Wisnalmawati. (2022). Mediasi Sikap Konsumen pada Pengaruh Green Product, Green Advertising, Green Brand Trust terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Produk Makanan Organik. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Inovasi (MANOVA), 5(2), 46–62. https://doi.org/10.15642/manova.v5i2.841
Horne, R. 2009. Limits to labels: The role of eco-labels in the assessment of product sustainability and routes to sustainable consumption. International Journal of Consumer Studies 33: 175-182. Ibanez, L., Grolleau, G
Iraldo, F., Griesshammer, R. & Kahlenborn, W. The future of ecolabels. Int J Life Cycle Assess 25, 833–839 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-020-01741-9
Kaenzig, J., Wüstenhagen, R. 2010. The effect of life cycle cost information on consumer investment decisions regarding eco-Innovation. Journal of Industrial Ecology 14(1): 121- 136.
Kumar, P., Polonsky, M., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Kar, A. (2021). Green information quality and green brand evaluation: the moderating effects of eco-label credibility and consumer knowledge. European Journal of Marketing, 55(7), 2037–2071. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-10-2019-0808
Kurniawan, F. L., Wibowo , S. F., & Febrilia , I. (2024). Pengaruh Eco-Label Dan Green Packaging Terhadap Green Purchase Intention Dimediasi Oleh Environmental Attitude (Studi Pada Coffee Shop Di Jakarta). Neraca: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen Dan Akuntansi, 2(10), 499–508. Retrieved from https://jurnal.kolibi.org/index.php/neraca/article/view/2603
Li, G., Yang, L., Zhang, B., Li, X., & Chen, F. (2021). How do environmental values impact green product purchase intention? The moderating role of green trust. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(33), 46020–46034. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13946-y
Muslimah, S., & Latifah, E. (2022). PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL DAN PERLINDUNGAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP: SEBUAH “TRADE-OFF” PADA SISTEM WTO YANG MEMERLUKAN PENYELESAIAN. Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum, 6(2), 273-294. https://doi.org/10.23920/jbmh.v6i2.689
Panopoulos, A., Poulis, A., Theodoridis, P., & Kalampakas, A. (2023). Influencing Green Purchase Intention through Eco Labels and User-Generated Content. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010764
Prakash, G., Choudhary, S., Kumar, A., Garza-Reyes, J. A., Khan, S. A. R., & Panda, T. K. (2019). Do altruistic and egoistic values influence consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions towards eco-friendly packaged products? An empirical investigation. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 50, 163–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.05.011
Proi M, Dudinskaya EC, Naspetti S, Ozturk E, Zanoli R. The Role of Eco-Labels in Making Environmentally Friendly Choices: An Eye-Tracking Study on Aquaculture Products with Italian Consumers. Sustainability. 2023; 15(5):4659. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054659
Purwanto, N. (2021). PENGARUH ECO LABEL DAN GREEN PRODUCT TERHADAP MINAT BELI. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi (MEA), 5(3), 2817-2826. https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.v5i3.1442
Reddy, K. P., Chandu, V., Srilakshmi, S., Thagaram, E., Sahyaja, C., & Osei, B. (2023). Consumers perception on green marketing towards eco-friendly fast moving consumer goods. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 15, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/18479790231170962
Sharma, N. K., & Kushwaha, G. S. (2019). Eco-labels: A tool for green marketing or just a blind mirror for consumers. Electronic Green Journal, 1(42). https://doi.org/10.5070/g314233710
Soerjono Soekamto dan Sri Mamudji, (2015) Penelitian Hukum Normatif, Jakarta,PT. Rajagrafindo Persada, P. 5
Susiari, Ni Putu dan Gede Suparna, “Greenwashing: Konsekuensinya pada Konsumen (Studi Kasus pada Coca-Cola dengan Kemasan Plant Bottle)”, E-Jurnal Manajemen Unud, Vol. 5, No. 8, 2016.
Taufique, K. M. R., Vocino, A., & Polonsky, M. J. (2017). The influence of eco-label knowledge and trust on pro-environmental consumer behaviour in an emerging market. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 25(7), 511–529. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2016.1240219
Thogersen, J. 2000. Psychological determinants of paying attention to eco-labels in purchase decisions: Model development and multinational validation. Journal of Consumer Policy 23: 285-313.
Truffer, B., Markard, J., Wüstenhagen, R. 2001. Eco-labeling of electricity–strategies and tradeoffs in the definition of environmental standards. Energy Policy 29(11): 885-897.
Wojnarowska, M., So?tysik, M., & Prusak, A. (2021). Impact of eco-labelling on the implementation of sustainable production and consumption. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 86(August 2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2020.106505
Yingjie Hou, Peng Guo, Devika Kannan, Kannan Govindan, Optimal eco-label choice strategy for environmentally responsible corporations considering government regulations,Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 418, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138013.
Yuanitasari, D., Kusmayanti, H., & Suwandono, A. (2023). A comparison study of strict liability principles implementation for the product liability within Indonesian consumer protection law between Indonesia and United States of America law. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2246748
Legislation
Undang-Undang No. 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen
Soerjono Soekamto dan Sri Mamudji, (2015) Penelitian Hukum Normatif, Jakarta,PT. Rajagrafindo Persada, P. 5
Susilowati S Dajaan, 2016, Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen, Cet. 2, Universitas Terbuka, Tangerang Selatan.
Journal
Baumeister, S., & Onkila, T. (2017). An eco-label for the airline industry? Journal of Cleaner Production, 142, 1368–1376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.11.170
Cai, Z., Xie, Y., & Aguilar, F. X. (2017). Eco-label credibility and retailer effects on green product purchasing intentions. Forest Policy and Economics, 80(March), 200–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2017.04.001
Chen, H., Bernard, S., & Rahman, I. (2019). Greenwashing in hotels: A structural model of trust and behavioral intentions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 206, 326–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.09.168
Chi, N. T. K. (2021). Understanding the effects of eco-label, eco-brand, and social media on green consumption intention in ecotourism destinations. Journal of Cleaner Production, 321, 128995. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128995
Chia Yen Yang, Fandy Tjiptono, Christina Kwai Choi Lee & Jasmine May Yee Loo. Corporate good deed and service failure: does being good lead to forgiveness?. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management 0:0, pages 1-31.
Cho, B.-K., Park, J.-Y., & Lee, Y.-K. (2023). Do green practices and green image promote consumers’ participation in social network sites (SNS)? Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 32(5), 631–648. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2023.2191595
Dyah Ayu Sri Wilujeng, Lego Karjoko, & Sapto Hermawan. (2023). PENERAPAN EKOLABEL SESUAI IMPLIKASI EKONOMI HIJAU SEBAGAI UPAYA PERLINDUNGAN TERHADAP KELESTARIAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP. Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum (JKH), 9(2), 1–9. Retrieved from https://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/jkh/article/view/65366
Gilles Grolleau, Lisette Ibanez, Naoufel Mzoughi, Mario F. Teisl. Helping eco-labels to fulfil their promises. Climate Policy, 2016, 16 (6), pp.792-902. ff10.1080/14693062.2015.1033675ff. ffhal-01506395
Griskevicius, V., Tybur, J., Van Den Bergh, B. 2010. Going green to be seen: Status, reputation and conspicuous conservation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 98(3): 392-404.
Hidayah, M. R., Sugandini, D., & Wisnalmawati. (2022). Mediasi Sikap Konsumen pada Pengaruh Green Product, Green Advertising, Green Brand Trust terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Produk Makanan Organik. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Inovasi (MANOVA), 5(2), 46–62. https://doi.org/10.15642/manova.v5i2.841
Horne, R. 2009. Limits to labels: The role of eco-labels in the assessment of product sustainability and routes to sustainable consumption. International Journal of Consumer Studies 33: 175-182. Ibanez, L., Grolleau, G
Iraldo, F., Griesshammer, R. & Kahlenborn, W. The future of ecolabels. Int J Life Cycle Assess 25, 833–839 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-020-01741-9
Kaenzig, J., Wüstenhagen, R. 2010. The effect of life cycle cost information on consumer investment decisions regarding eco-Innovation. Journal of Industrial Ecology 14(1): 121- 136.
Kumar, P., Polonsky, M., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Kar, A. (2021). Green information quality and green brand evaluation: the moderating effects of eco-label credibility and consumer knowledge. European Journal of Marketing, 55(7), 2037–2071. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-10-2019-0808
Kurniawan, F. L., Wibowo , S. F., & Febrilia , I. (2024). Pengaruh Eco-Label Dan Green Packaging Terhadap Green Purchase Intention Dimediasi Oleh Environmental Attitude (Studi Pada Coffee Shop Di Jakarta). Neraca: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen Dan Akuntansi, 2(10), 499–508. Retrieved from https://jurnal.kolibi.org/index.php/neraca/article/view/2603
Li, G., Yang, L., Zhang, B., Li, X., & Chen, F. (2021). How do environmental values impact green product purchase intention? The moderating role of green trust. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(33), 46020–46034. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13946-y
Muslimah, S., & Latifah, E. (2022). PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL DAN PERLINDUNGAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP: SEBUAH “TRADE-OFF” PADA SISTEM WTO YANG MEMERLUKAN PENYELESAIAN. Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum, 6(2), 273-294. https://doi.org/10.23920/jbmh.v6i2.689
Panopoulos, A., Poulis, A., Theodoridis, P., & Kalampakas, A. (2023). Influencing Green Purchase Intention through Eco Labels and User-Generated Content. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010764
Prakash, G., Choudhary, S., Kumar, A., Garza-Reyes, J. A., Khan, S. A. R., & Panda, T. K. (2019). Do altruistic and egoistic values influence consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions towards eco-friendly packaged products? An empirical investigation. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 50, 163–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.05.011
Proi M, Dudinskaya EC, Naspetti S, Ozturk E, Zanoli R. The Role of Eco-Labels in Making Environmentally Friendly Choices: An Eye-Tracking Study on Aquaculture Products with Italian Consumers. Sustainability. 2023; 15(5):4659. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054659
Purwanto, N. (2021). PENGARUH ECO LABEL DAN GREEN PRODUCT TERHADAP MINAT BELI. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi (MEA), 5(3), 2817-2826. https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.v5i3.1442
Reddy, K. P., Chandu, V., Srilakshmi, S., Thagaram, E., Sahyaja, C., & Osei, B. (2023). Consumers perception on green marketing towards eco-friendly fast moving consumer goods. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 15, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/18479790231170962
Sharma, N. K., & Kushwaha, G. S. (2019). Eco-labels: A tool for green marketing or just a blind mirror for consumers. Electronic Green Journal, 1(42). https://doi.org/10.5070/g314233710
Soerjono Soekamto dan Sri Mamudji, (2015) Penelitian Hukum Normatif, Jakarta,PT. Rajagrafindo Persada, P. 5
Susiari, Ni Putu dan Gede Suparna, “Greenwashing: Konsekuensinya pada Konsumen (Studi Kasus pada Coca-Cola dengan Kemasan Plant Bottle)”, E-Jurnal Manajemen Unud, Vol. 5, No. 8, 2016.
Taufique, K. M. R., Vocino, A., & Polonsky, M. J. (2017). The influence of eco-label knowledge and trust on pro-environmental consumer behaviour in an emerging market. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 25(7), 511–529. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2016.1240219
Thogersen, J. 2000. Psychological determinants of paying attention to eco-labels in purchase decisions: Model development and multinational validation. Journal of Consumer Policy 23: 285-313.
Truffer, B., Markard, J., Wüstenhagen, R. 2001. Eco-labeling of electricity–strategies and tradeoffs in the definition of environmental standards. Energy Policy 29(11): 885-897.
Wojnarowska, M., So?tysik, M., & Prusak, A. (2021). Impact of eco-labelling on the implementation of sustainable production and consumption. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 86(August 2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2020.106505
Yingjie Hou, Peng Guo, Devika Kannan, Kannan Govindan, Optimal eco-label choice strategy for environmentally responsible corporations considering government regulations,Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 418, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138013.
Yuanitasari, D., Kusmayanti, H., & Suwandono, A. (2023). A comparison study of strict liability principles implementation for the product liability within Indonesian consumer protection law between Indonesia and United States of America law. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2246748
Legislation
Undang-Undang No. 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen