Articles
Efektivitas Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Masyarakat Pulau Sangihe Akibat Pencemaran Logam Berat dari Aktivitas Pertambangan
Abstrak
ABSTRAK
Kegiatan pertambangan di Pulau Sangihe berpotensi menimbulkan pencemaran logam berat yang berdampak pada kualitas lingkungan serta pemenuhan hak masyarakat atas lingkungan yang baik dan sehat sebuah hak yang dijamin dalam Pasal 28H Ayat (1) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Sebagai wilayah pulau kecil, pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan Pulau Sangihe juga harus mematuhi ketentuan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2014 (perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2007) tentang Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil, yang menekankan pada perlindungan daya dukung lingkungan dan keberlanjutan ekosistem. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas perlindungan hukum bagi masyarakat yang terdampak pencemaran logam berat serta mengevaluasi pelaksanaan perlindungan kawasan pulau kecil dalam menjamin pemenuhan hak atas lingkungan yang baik dan sehat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sosio-legal yang memadukan analisis peraturan perundang-undangan dan implementasinya melalui kajian terhadap bahan hukum, literatur ilmiah, putusan pengadilan, dan fakta sosial yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun Indonesia memiliki kerangka hukum untuk melindungi wilayah pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil, pelaksanaannya belum efektif akibat lemahnya pengawasan, penegakan hukum, dan koordinasi antarinstansi, serta partisipasi masyarakat yang belum optimal dalam pemantauan lingkungan. Akibatnya, perlindungan hukum bagi masyarakat yang terdampak pencemaran logam berat belum terwujud secara optimal. Oleh karena itu, penguatan pengawasan, penegakan hukum yang konsisten, koordinasi antarlembaga, dan pelibatan aktif masyarakat sangatlah penting untuk menjamin perlindungan hak atas lingkungan yang baik dan sehat secara adil dan berkelanjutan.
Kata kunci: perlindungan hukum; pencemaran logam berat; aktivitas pertambangan; hak atas lingkungan hidup; pulau sangihe
ABSTRACT
Mining activities on Sangihe Island carry the potential for heavy metal pollution, which impacts environmental quality and the fulfillment of the community's right to a good and healthy environment a right guaranteed under Article 28H, Paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. As a small island region, the management and utilization of Sangihe Island must also comply with the provisions of Law Number 1 of 2014 (an amendment to Law Number 27 of 2007) concerning the Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands, which emphasizes protecting environmental carrying capacity and ecosystem sustainability. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of legal protections for communities affected by heavy metal pollution and to evaluate the implementation of small-island area protections in ensuring the fulfillment of the right to a good and healthy environment. The study employs a socio-legal approach, combining an analysis of legislation and its implementation through a review of legal materials, scholarly literature, court rulings, and relevant social facts. The findings indicate that although Indonesia possesses a legal framework to protect coastal areas and small islands, its implementation remains ineffective due to weak oversight, law enforcement, and inter-agency coordination, as well as suboptimal community participation in environmental monitoring. Consequently, legal protection for communities affected by heavy metal pollution has not been optimally realized. Therefore, strengthening oversight, ensuring consistent law enforcement, improving inter-agency coordination, and actively involving the community are crucial to guaranteeing the protection of the right to a good and healthy environment in a fair and sustainable manner.
Keywords: legal protection; heavy metal pollution; mining activities; right to the environment; sangihe island
- aktivitas pertambangan
- hak atas lingkungan hidup
- pencemaran logam berat
- perlindungan hukum
- pulau sangihe
Kata Kunci
Referensi
- Peraturan Perundang Undangan
- Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup
- Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2014 tentang Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil
- Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2020 tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara
- Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 22 Tahun 2021 tentang Penyelenggaraan Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup
- Undang-undang (UU) Nomor 2 Tahun 2025 tentang Perubahan Keempat atas Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara
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- Sumber Lainnya
- RUANG LAUT MASYARAKAT KEPULAUAN SANGIHE - TALAUD di PERBATASAN INDONESIA - PILIPINA “Jalur Rempah, Budaya Bahari, hingga Tata Kelola Sumber Daya Laut” diakses pada 29/05/2026
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- https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/bdp/article/view/30002/29053 diakses pada 30/05/2026
- Pencemaran Merkuri Dari Darat ke Laut
- https://www.minerba.esdm.go.id/berita/minerba/detil/20121013-pencemaran-merkuri-dari-darat-ke-laut
- diakses pada 31/05/2026
- Heavy Metal Pollution from Gold Mines: Environmental Effects and Bacterial Strategies for Resistance
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5129257/ diakses pada 31/05/2026
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